Interview Q&As

1. Kubernetes

• Q: What is Kubernetes and what are its core components?
• A: Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Core components include:
  • Nodes: Machines in the cluster that run containerized applications.
  • Pods: The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, containing one or more containers with shared storage and network resources.
  • Deployments: Manage the desired state of pods and replicas.
  • Services: Expose applications running on pods to external traffic.
  • Namespace: Organize and isolate resources within a cluster.
• Q: How does Kubernetes handle scaling applications?
• A: Kubernetes offers horizontal scaling (adding/removing pods) and vertical scaling (adjusting resource allocation per pod) through features like Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and resource requests/limits.
• Q: What are the benefits of using Kubernetes?
• A: Benefits include:
  • Portability: Applications run consistently across different environments.
  • Scalability: Easy to scale applications up or down based on demand.
  • High Availability: Kubernetes automatically restarts failed containers and reschedules them on healthy nodes.
  • Efficient Resource Utilization: Kubernetes packs containers onto nodes efficiently, optimizing resource usage.

2. Public Cloud Management

• Q: What are the major public cloud providers?
• A: Major providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
• Q: Explain some key considerations for managing costs in the public cloud?
• A: Cost management considerations include:
  • Right-sizing resources: Choosing the appropriate instance type and resource allocation for workloads.
  • Reserved Instances: Purchasing instances for a set period at a discounted rate.
  • Spot Instances: Utilizing unused cloud resources at a significant cost saving (but with risk of interruption).
  • Monitoring and optimizing resource usage: Identifying and adjusting resource allocation to avoid under/over-provisioning.
• Q: What are some common public cloud management tools?
• A: Popular tools include:
  • AWS CloudFormation: Infrastructure as Code (IaC) for managing and provisioning cloud resources.
  • Azure Resource Manager (ARM): IaC for managing Azure resources.
  • GCP Cloud Deployment Manager: IaC tool for deploying resources on GCP.

3. Linux

• Q: Explain the basic difference between root and regular users in Linux.
• A: The root user has full administrative privileges, while regular users have limited access to prevent accidental system damage.
• Q: How do you navigate the Linux directory structure?
• A: I can use commands like cd (change directory), ls (list directory contents), and pwd (print working directory) to navigate.